Origin, customs & logistics

EU–Türkiye Customs Union

Under the Customs Union in force since 1996, industrial goods and processed agricultural products in free circulation in Türkiye enter the EU without customs duty.

• Document: the A.TR movement certificate. It proves free circulation, not origin — so goods made with third-country inputs can qualify too.
• Duty is zero, but import VAT and any trade-defence measures — anti-dumping duties, steel safeguard quotas — still apply.
• In the EU the importer of record is usually the buyer: ask the supplier for the A.TR together with the commercial invoice before dispatch.

Steel and farm products: EUR.1

Coal-and-steel (ECSC) products — most of HS chapter 72 and some chapter-73 headings — and basic agricultural products are outside the Customs Union. They trade under separate free-trade agreements with preferential origin rules.

• Document: an EUR.1 or EUR-MED movement certificate, or an origin declaration on the invoice (Pan-Euro-Mediterranean rules).
• Preferential origin may require the supplier to hold supplier's declarations for its own inputs — ask at quotation stage.

Documents at a glance

Profiles list the documents a supplier says it can issue, and search can filter by them.

CBAM (carbon border adjustment)

The EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism requires embedded emissions to be declared for imports of iron and steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers, hydrogen and electricity. The definitive period started on 1 January 2026.

• EU importers bringing in more than 50 tonnes of CBAM goods a year must be authorised CBAM declarants.
• Scope follows the HS code: screws, bolts and steel structures (7318, 7308) are in; many machined parts are not. The CBAM badge on profiles is derived from these codes.
• Ask the supplier for installation-level emissions data (direct and indirect, t CO₂e per tonne of product); otherwise default values apply.

Choosing an Incoterms 2020 rule

The rule decides where risk and cost pass to the buyer. For trucks and containers from Türkiye, FCA, EXW and DAP are the most common.

• Under EXW the buyer handles export clearance, which is hard for a foreign buyer in Türkiye. FCA is usually the better choice.
• FOB, CFR, CIF and FAS are for sea and inland-waterway transport only; for containers prefer FCA, CPT or CIP.
• Under DDP the seller also pays EU import VAT; Turkish manufacturers rarely offer it.

Indicative road transit to Germany

Full truckload from loading day to delivery in southern/central Germany; varies with customs and Ro-Ro connections. Groupage usually takes 2–4 days longer.

Buyers outside the EU

The Customs Union covers the EU only. Elsewhere, an EUR.1 applies where Türkiye has a free-trade agreement; otherwise a standard certificate of origin is used.

• Certificates of origin are issued electronically by Turkish chambers of commerce and industry; some destination countries also require legalisation.
• There is no free-trade agreement with China, so imports into China pay the MFN tariff. Ask the supplier for the 6-digit HS code; the 10-digit Chinese code is set by the importer.